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氫在鋼鐵中的固溶和性能

2015-01-29 點擊數：1710
為了理解鋼鐵的氫脆，需要對金屬中的氫固溶性質有所了解。首先考慮熱平衡金屬中的氫濃度。如前所述H2分子首先在金屬表面物理吸附，解離成兩個氫原子并穩定地化學吸附在金屬表面，然后通過熱活性化過程中進入金屬格點中。這個過程是可逆的，其反映可以用如（17-1）式表示： 
H2（g）= H2(a)=2H(a)=2H(s)    （17-1） 
這里g、a、s分別標志氣體氫。吸附氫以及固溶氫。

壓力對于固相和液相平衡的影響極小，對于含氣想的反應來說則是重要因素。例如，在一定溫度下，氣體在金屬中的最大溶解度將隨氣體的壓力升高而顯著增大，所以壓力的變化使氣體-金屬二圓相圖形狀發生重大變化。熱平衡狀態下的氫氣的壓力P與氫在金屬中的最大溶解度S（[H]/[M]）的關系服從 Sieverts定律（指雙原子氣體）：
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